編譯| 李言
Nature , 4 April 2024, Volume 628 Issue 8006
《自然》 2024年4月4日，第628卷，8006期
天文學Astronomy
The Radcliffe Wave is oscillating
拉德克里夫波在振盪
▲ 作者：Ralf Konietzka, Alyssa A. Goodman et al.
▲ 連結：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07127-3
▲ 摘要：
在此，我們提供的證據表明，拉德克里夫波在穿過銀道面振蕩的同時，也在從銀道中心徑向漂移。
我們使用12CO的視距速度測量和年輕星團的3D速度顯示在空間上與拉德克利夫波相關的最大規模的恆星形成區域（包括獵戶座、仙父座、北美和天鵝座X ）的運動，就好像它們是由銀河系勢能重力加速度驅動的振盪波的一部分。
透過將拉德克里夫波視為相干振盪結構，我們可以獨立於銀河系局部質量分佈推導出它的運動，並直接測量銀河系勢的局部性質以及太陽的垂直振盪週期。
此外，我們測量到的拉德克利夫波從銀河系中心徑向向外的漂移表明，其超新星可能誕生於拉德克利夫波中，由不斷膨脹的局部氣泡的星團所形成。
▲ Abstract：
Here we present evidence that the Radcliffe Wave is oscillating through the Galactic plane while also drifting radially away from the Galactic Centre. We use measurements of line-of-sight velocity for 12CO and three-dmensional velocities of ooclungs toclus soonables to matmensional vel concln thatyo catel-whoo toclus soonect the mhoities that連接massive star-forming regions spatially associated with the Radcliffe Wave (including Orion, Cepheus, North America and Cygnus X) move as though they are part of an oscillating wave driven by the gravitational acceleration of the Galactic sh. coherently oscillating structure, we can derive its motion independently of the local Galactic mass distribution, and directly measure local properties of the Galactic potential as well as the Sun's vertical oscillation peritical. ic Centre suggests that the cluster whose supernovae ultimately created today's expanding Local Bubble may have been born in the Radcliffe Wave.
物理學Physcis
Rotating curved spacetime signatures from a giant quantum vortex
巨型量子漩渦的旋轉彎曲時空特徵
▲ 作者：Patrik Š van čara, Pietro Smaniotto et al.
▲ 連結：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07176-8
▲ 摘要：
在此，我們證實儘管多重量子化渦旋本身俱有不穩定性，但靜止的巨型量子渦旋卻能在超流體4He中保持穩定。它緊湊的核心攜帶了數千個循環量子，超越了目前其他物理系統（如磁振子、原子雲和極化子）的限制。
我們也介紹了一種新穎的、最小侵入式的方法，透過利用超流體界面上微米尺度的波與背景速度場的相互作用，來表徵渦旋流動。
我們也觀察到複雜的波渦漩渦相互作用，包括束縛態的偵測和獨特的模擬黑洞振鈴特徵。這些研究結果為探索量子到經典的渦旋相變，和使用超流氦作為旋轉彎曲時空的有限溫度量子場論模擬器開闢了新途徑。
▲ Abstract：
Here we demonstrate that, despite the inherent instability of multiply quantized vortices, a stationary giant quantum vortex can be stabilized in superfluid 4He. Its compact core carries thousands of circulation antas scur產品, soacts presirst sands of circulation antas, scur產品, scurm. , atomic clouds and polaritons. We introduce a minimally invasive way to characterize the vortex flow by exploiting the interaction of micrometre-scale w aves on the superfluid interface with the background velocity field. Intricate wave– vortex actions, state 演講. ringdown signatures, have been observed. These results open new avenues to explore quantum-to-classical vortex transitions and use superfluid helium as a finite- temperature quantum field theory simulator 以 timeved curat
材料科學Materials Science
Double-side 2D/3D heterojunctions for inverted perovskite solar cells
雙面2D/3D異質接面的倒置鈣鈦礦太陽能電池
▲ 作者：Randi Azmi, Drajad Satrio Utomo et al.
▲ 連結：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07189-3
▲ 摘要：
在此，我們證實長烷基胺配體可以在頂部和底部三維鈣鈦礦界面生成接近相純的二維鈣鈦礦。
在後接觸側，我們發現烷基胺配體透過與來自有機電洞運輸自組裝單層分子的磷酸基的酸鹼反應加強了與底層的相互作用，從而得以調節二維鈣鈦礦的形成過程。
由此，具有雙面2D/3D異質接面的倒置鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的功率轉換效率達到25.6%，在85度的空氣中照射1000小時後，其初始功率轉換效率仍能維持在95%。
▲ Abstract：
Here we demonstrate that long alkyl amine ligands can generate near-phase-pure 2D perovskites at the top and bottom 3D perovskite interfaces and effectively resolve these issues. At the rear-cont side effectively resolve these issues. At the rear-cont side , 3,30m side 下來substrate through acid–base reactions with the phosphonic acid group from the organic hole-transporting self-assembled monolayer molecule, thus regulating the 2D perovskite formation. With this, inveded perovski 000 perovis svert集 30000 1000月30 月 0 ency of 25.6% (certified 25.0%), retaining 95% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1,000 h of 1-sun illumination at 85 °C in air.
化學Chemistry
Alkene dialkylation by triple radical sorting
透過三線態自由基烯烴實現的烯烴的雙烷基化
▲ 作者：Johnny Z. Wang, William L. Lyon & David WC MacMillan
▲ 連結：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07165-x
▲ 摘要：
在此，我們報告使用雙分子均溶取代催化在非活化烯烴上對親電自由基和親核自由基的分選。這一反應包括原位形成三種不同的自由基，並透過大小和電性來區分，允許區域選擇性地形成所需的雙烷基化產物。這項研究加速了藥學上相關的富含C( sp3 )分子的合成，並定義了一種獨特的烯烴雙烷基化方法。
▲ Abstract：
Here we report the use of bimolecular homolytic substitution catalysis to sort an electrophilic radical and a nucleophilic radical across an unactivated alkene. This reaction involves the in situ formation of formation of formation an 筆筆和名頭 筆 筆 筆保障, formation of formation of formation formatne specnectnect formation formation筆, allowing for regioselective formation of the desired dialkylated products. This work accelerates access to pharmaceutically relevant C( sp3 )-rich molecules and defines a distinct mechanistic approach for alkene dialkylation.
生物學Biology
The hidden fitness of the male zebra finch courtship song
雄性斑胸草雀求偶之歌的隱藏適應性
▲ 作者：Danyal Alam, Fayha Zia & Todd F. Roberts
▲ 連結：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07207-4
▲ 摘要：
在此，透過將降維技術應用於斑胸草雀的歌唱行為，我們證明了低維度特徵空間中的音節傳播可以解釋單一曲調，是如何作為適應性的忠實指標發揮作用的。
我們發現這種行為的Gestalt測量捕捉到斑胸草雀調音節的譜時獨特性：雌性斑胸草雀強烈傾向於佔據更多潛在空間的曲調；而在低維空間中匹配路徑長度對年輕雄性斑胸草雀來說是很困難的。
我們的研究結果闡明了鳴禽如何進化出簡單的曲調，並指出了性選擇影響「聲樂學習」的不同策略。
▲ Abstract：
長our captures the spectrotemporal distinctiveness of song syllables in zebra finches; that females strongly prefer songs that occupy more latent space; and that matching path lenvohs in low-dimension songbirds and indicate divergent strategies for how sexual selection can shape vocal learning.
Collective sensing in electric fish
電魚的集體感應
▲ 作者：Federico Pedraja & Nathaniel B. Sawtell
▲ 連結：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07157-x
▲ 摘要：
在此，我們提供了來自建模、神經記錄和行為實驗的證據，證明非洲弱電魚利用同類的電脈衝來擴大其電定位範圍、區分物體和增加資訊傳輸。
這些研究結果為一種集體的新主動感知模式提供了證據。在這種模式中，個體的感知透過附近群體成員的能量釋放而增強。
▲ Abstract：
Here we provide evidence from modelling, neural recordings and behavioural experiments that the African weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii utilizes the electrical pulses of conspecifics to extend its electrodm , electrical pulses of conspecifics to extend its electrodlowate , opectroper , electrovids , electrovids , electrovids , electrovids , electrovids , electrocomwals sperstalwpers sst ence for a new, collective mode of active sensing in which individual perception is enhanced by the energy emissions of nearby group members.
2024年4月9日日全食：天文奇觀再現，中國的觀測機會與挑戰
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